Comparative analysis of the complete chloroplast genome of seven Nymphaea species

Although there has been a long history of cultivation and research on Nymphaea, the taxonomic relationships evolutionary among Nymphaea species remain controversial. The chloroplast (cp) genome can provide new method to determine origin, evolution, phylogenetic Nymphaea. complete cp genomes seven were sequenced by high-throughput sequencing technology, structural characteristics analyzed. had rich variation in large single-copy (LSC) small (SSC) regions. A comparative genomic analysis showed that gene sequence was consistent, with no signs reverse rearrangement. Using N. colorata as reference sequence, total 8328 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) 1579 insertions/deletions obtained. degree rpoA–rpl20, rbcL–ndhC, ndhD–ndhF, trnN-GUU–ndhA regions relatively high. ycf2 positively selected. genus be further divided into five subgenera.